The Upper Palaeolithic at Theopetra marks the period between 30,000-11,000 BP. The only calibrated dating so far is 16,065-15,641 BC whereas the final phase of the Upper Palaeolithic dates between 16,500 and 10,900 years BP. Among the remains have been registered hearths, lithic and bone artefacts and most importantly masses of unburnt clay. The discovery of clay often shaped in cylinders, suggests the early use of unburnt clay already by the early Upper Palaeolithic, long before how to burn it was invented. In some layers of the Upper Palaeolithic traces of vessels made of non-fireproof material (13,099-12,440 BC) have been reported.

During this period the first anthropological evidence at Theopetra Cave was recorded. It is part of a skull from an adult man of type Homo sapiens sapiens, with primitive characteristics that date to 14,500 BC (14,620-14,380 BP) and which comes from a disrupted burial.

Many stone implements were unearthed, mostly radiolarite cores and bladelets, while in some layers of the final Upper Palaeolithic (13,000 BP), amulets of deer teeth, animal bone with nine parallel lines incised and retouched teeth of a cave bear (Ursus speleus) were found. These finds are some of the few specimens of Palaeolithic art in Greece.

The study of the flora and fauna remains has shed light on the nutritional habits of the inhabitants of the cave which differ from those of the Middle Palaeolithic. The list of plants includes lentil, oak tree, raspberry, poppy, lathurus aphoca, lithospermun and erianthus ravenni. Among the various animal bones, wild goats and sheep, deer, pigs rabbits, birds, small mammals and a dog or a wolf have been identified.